Corporate Finance - 69408 Words

Corporate finance P. Frantz, R. Payne, J. Favilukis FN3092, 2790092 2011 Undergraduate study in Economics, Management, Finance and the Social Sciences This subject guide is for a Level 3 course (also known as a ‘300 course’) offered as part of the University of London International Programmes in Economics, Management, Finance and the Social Sciences. This is equivalent to Level 6 within the Framework for Higher Education Qualifications in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (FHEQ). For more information about the University of London International Programmes undergraduate study in Economics, Management, Finance and the Social Sciences, see: www.londoninternational.ac.uk/current_students/programme_resources/lse/index.shtml This†¦show more content†¦10 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 10 Fisher separation and optimal decision-making ............................................................ 10 Fisher separation and project evaluation ...................................................................... 13 The time value of money .............................................................................................. 14 The net present value rule ............................................................................................ 15 Other project appraisal techniques ............................................................................... 17 Using present value techniques to value stocks and bonds ........................................... 21 A reminder of your learning outcomes.......................................................................... 23 Key terms .............. ...................................................................................................... 23 Sample examination questions ..................................................................................... 23 Chapter 2: Risk and return: mean–variance analysis and the CAPM.................... 25 Aim of the chapter....................................................................................................... 25 Learning outcomesShow MoreRelatedCorporate Finance Notes1881 Words   |  8 PagesStudy notes By Zhipeng Yan Corporate Finance Stephen A. Ross, Randolph W. Westerfield, Jeffrey Jaffe Chapter 1 Introduction to Corporate Finance ..................................................................... 2 Chapter 2 Accounting Statements and Cash Flow.............................................................. 3 Chapter 3 Financial Markets and NPV: First Principles of Finance................................... 6 Chapter 4 Net Present Value....................................Read MoreNotes for Corporate Finance2082 Words   |  9 PagesCorporate Finance Notes * Chapter One: Introduce to Corporate Finance 1. Three Questions: A. What Long-term asset should be invested? Capital Budgeting B. How to raise cash for capital expenditures? Capital Structure C. How to manage short-term cash flow? Net Working Capital 2. Capital Structure: Marketing Value of Firm = MV of Debt + MV of Equity 3. Finance perspect and Accountant perspect: Finance: Cash Flow ! Accountant: A/R means profit ! 4. Sole proprietorshipRead MoreCorporate Finance4881 Words   |  20 PagesTrends of Leverage 7 2.3 Comparison of capital structure with similar companies 9 2.4 Capital expenditures and its financing 10 2.5 Important factors influencing the use of debt financing 10 2.5.1 Tax Advantage 10 2.5.2 Corporate Tax Rate 11 2.5.3 Credit rating 11 2.5.4 Interest rate 11 2.5.5 Company’s Industry 12 2.5.6 Company’s growth rate 12 2.5.7 Some other arguments about Harvey Norman 12 2.6 Evidence of financial distress 13 Read MoreCorporate Finance1421 Words   |  6 Pagesoperating earnings of the firm. The capitalization is to be made at a rate appropriate to the risk class of the firm. Growth Plans, are involved in capital structural theories in which a certain amount will be allocated for the growth plans. A finance manager should draw a plan according for the dividend policy. For Example: The firm has $10 million as equity capital and $6 million as debt capital and the firm made a profit (after tax) of $2 million, and the fund allocated to the growth plan wasRead MoreCorporate Finance - Concept Questions12247 Words   |  49 Pagesquestions of corporate finance? a. Investment decision (capital budgeting): What long-term investment strategy should a firm adopt? b. Financing decision (capital structure): How much cash must be raised for the required investments? c. Short-term finance decision (working capital): How much short-term cash flow does company need to pay its bills. ( Describe capital structure. Capital structure is the mix of different securities used to finance a firms investmentsRead MoreFundamentals of Corporate Finance 9e82683 Words   |  331 Pageshttp://helpyoustudy.info Chapter 01 - Introduction to Corporate Finance Chapter 01 Introduction to Corporate Finance Answer Key Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which one of the following terms is defined as the management of a firm s long-term investments? A. working capital management B. financial allocation C. agency cost analysis D. capital budgeting E. capital structure Refer to section 1.1 AACSB: N/A Difficulty: Basic Learning Objective: 1-1 Section: 1.1 Topic: Capital budgeting Read MoreCorporate Business Finance 7343 Words   |  30 PagesCorporate Business Finance Seminar 5 Project Finance Lauren Leigh Essaram 207507339 Ruvimbo Mukorera 206525531 27 September 2010 Submitted in partial fulfilment of the duly performed requirement of International Business Finance, School of Economics and Finance, University of KwaZulu-Natal Abstract Non-recourse financing has grown in popularity, especially in developing countries. It has done so more specifically in the basic infrastructure, natural resources and also in the energyRead MoreAdvanced Corporate Finance4303 Words   |  18 PagesUniversity of Puget Sound School of Business and Leadership BUS 434 Advanced Corporate Finance Professor Alva Wright Butcher Tues-Thurs 11:00-12:20 McIntyre 107 Spring Semester 2012 Office: McIntyre 111 I Phone: 253-879-3349 FAX: 253-879-3156 Office Hours: T-Th: 1:00-1:50 Wed: 9:30-10:30 And by appointment Note that I am always willing to schedule additional office hours by appointment. I check email frequently, so that is also a goodRead MoreEssay Corporate Finance1613 Words   |  7 Pages Why is corporate finance important to all managers? Corporate finance is a specific area of finance dealing with the financial decisions corporations make and the tools as well as analyses used to make these decisions. The primary goal of corporate finance is to enhance corporate value, without taking excessive financial risks. A corporations managements primary responsibility is to maximize the shareholders wealth which translates to stock price maximization. Corporate finance providesRead MoreCorporate Finance Essay1150 Words   |  5 PagesCorporate Finance Essay Most corporate financing decisions in practice reduce to a choice between debt and equity. The finance manager wishing to fund a new project, but reluctant to cut dividends or to make a rights issue, which leads to the decision of borrowing options. The issue with regards to shareholder objectives being met by the management in making financing decisions has come to become a major issue of recent times. This relates to understanding the concept of the agency problem. It deals

Debt Is A Problem Of Debt - 1480 Words

The definition of debt is something that is owed, usually money, to someone (another person or the government). A more narrow aspect of debt is student debt, which is the debt that a student accumulates from taking loans out to pay for college. The origin of loans came from the Higher Education Act of 1965 which â€Å"†¦ provided loan guaranties to banks in order to promote the banks’ lending to students who wished to pursue postsecondary education† (Collinge pg 3). During that time it wasn’t as much of an issue as it is today because the cost of attendance at most universities was exceptionally lower than now. It started to become an issue around the 1990s when the loan companies and federal government interests (money) became more important than the students (education). Now around two-thirds of the students graduating from college are graduating with debt, and â€Å"†¦ the average borrower will graduate $26,600 in the red† (Denhart). With an interest of 3.8% that equals approximately $38,600, if they are monthly payments it comes out to about $320, and in order to pay this off it would take almost ten years (Denhart). Of course people can pay more per month or all of it at once, which is extremely rare, but most people do not have that luxury and defer (postpone) their payments when they can. One example of this is Thomas Villalobos, 66, a former government worker of California. Back in 1976 he took out a loan of $12,000 to attend law school, but because of shortage inShow MoreRelatedThe Debt Problem For Spain Essay1710 Words   |  7 PagesThe debt problem for Spain, however, is not entirely only a problem for the government. In fact, most of the debt burden is on households, and non-financial corporations, which together with non-profit organizations (negligible) make up the total value of the private sector debt. We have already analyzed the reason why the household sector accumulated debt, mainly through the real estate crash after the crisis in the first section. On the other hand, the non-financial corporations, represent theRead MoreThe Debt Of Americ The Issue Of Debt And Economical Problems1864 Words   |  8 Pagesthe rise of debt and economical problems to this welfare use, or more specifically, its exploitation. One of the government s largest problems right now is its steadily growing debt. The debt of America continues to increase at an alarming rate, and hardly anything is being done to prevent its increase. As the debt increases, the government has begun to print more money, which could lead to the inflation of dollar and then collapse of it all over the world, a serious economic problem. The men, womenRead MoreThe Problem Of Student Debt901 Words   |  4 PagesI. Definition of the problem: Student debt has become a major problem for our college graduates to not only to start their career but also starting their lives living independently. a. Symptoms. How does the problem show itself, or what are the difficulty? With the high tuition, books and supplies, graduates are paying more that they can afford for their education. The average Virginia college graduate leaves school more than $29,000 in debt (Marcus). Unfortunately, students feel like they haveRead MoreThe Problem Of The Debt Crisis1784 Words   |  8 Pagescountry goes back thousands and thousands of years and would be considered as one of the most historically wealthy, and successful countries in the world. But in the last decade, things may have changed – for the worse. The Greek debt crisis has been an ongoing problem officially beginning in 2009, but later discovered to have begun in the 1990’s, and what began as a national disaster has quickly spread to become a worldwide catastrophe. The steady income of many Greeks has declined, levels of unemploymentRead MoreThe Problem Of Debt Collection2307 Words   |  10 Pagesconsumers are facing is the problem of debts that they have incurred due to many reasons. As I started to do my research on the practices that companies use to collect debts, I discovered that there are so many different types of debts and different companies handle their collections of each debt differently. This topic discusses the practices of debt collection. There are many laws that cover the process of debt collections; most major companies outsource their debt by selling it to these companiesRead MoreThe Problem Of The Debt Crisis2427 Words   |  10 PagesStatement Of The Problem Europe is about to enter its third recession in the last three years, says The Economist. Prices fall in eight European countries, inflation fell to 0.3% and the region is prepared to deal with deflation and economic stagnation. The debt crisis in Greece has had a profound impact on the countries of the European periphery (Ireland, Portugal, Spain and Italy) but also had serious consequences for some larger countries because this debt was contracted primarily with FrenchRead MoreThe Debt Problem Of College1871 Words   |  8 Pagespercent since 1995† (Campos). Expensive tuitions forces students to take out loans. Overtime, student loans can accumulate and produce massive amounts of debt, some totaling over $60,000 (Is College Worth it?). The underlying debt problem of college graduates hinders the economy, as they are then unable to pour money back into the economy. Further, debt forces graduates to push back their personal lives, including plans to start a family (Applebaum). The increase in college tuition is a hindrance to manyRead MoreThe Problem Of Bad Debts1941 Words   |  8 PagesINTRODUCTION The accumulation of huge NPA in banks has assumed great importance. The depth of the problem of bad debts was first realised only in early 1990s. The magnitude of NPAs in banks and financial institution is over Rs. 150000 cr. So gross NPA reflects the quality of the loans made by banks, net NPA shows the actual burden of banks. Now it is increasingly evident that the major defaulters are the big borrowers coming from the initiative to reduce NPAs in a time bound strategic approachRead MorePublic Debt : Why Private Debt Is The Bigger Problem Essay1719 Words   |  7 PagesPublic vs. Private Debt: Why Private Debt is the Bigger Problem, and how it got So Out of Hand Much of the rhetoric regarding growing American debt and its detrimental effects focuses on public debt—government debt acquired through deficits and government borrowing. The clear concern many have regarding public debt is not undue; with that said, it is worth noting that usually government debt, and even consecutive deficits—if managed correctly—are relatively benign. Particularly when compared to theRead MoreThe Problem Of Student Debt992 Words   |  4 PagesWhen reason becomes the foundation of what is considered a good choice, emotion is portrayed as its enemy. An example taken into consideration at the moment is the fact that student debt is at an all time high. There are about 37 million people who are actually struggling to pay off their student debt. This student debt is estimated to be an appalling $1 trillion. It is certain that this influences both the government, but the question is what the influence is? Is it emotion; is it reason, or both

At the T.Rowe Price Trading Desk Assignment Example

Essays on At the T.Rowe Price Trading Desk Assignment The paper "At the T.Rowe Price Trading Desk" is a good example of an assignment on finance and accounting. Greg realized that it was very much difficult to sale the Avantek shares in bulk amount. Avantek used to trade in the OTC market where it had a share price of around $25 from July 26 to august 20 in 1984. But the share price was reduced to $18 in the month of May. Analysts had stated that the company is having some problems in their earnings for a short time period but they liked the shares for a long term basis. Greg first offered Steve to buy 183000 Avantek shares at $245/8(100 shares). But Steve tried to hook the position with Greg and then He offered Michael who is from Goldman. He tried to make a one-shot deal by offering a swap of 183000 shares of Avantek for 320000 shares of Tandem. But Michael lowered the price 23  ½. The shares of Avantek were difficult to execute because the company was unable to increase the earnings in the fourth quarter due to a slowdown in the TV RO market. Although that might be a seasonal slowdown analyst had stated that the valuation of the company might go more down. Thus the shares were risky to buy (Perold, 2003).Tandem shares are also traded in the OTC market and Greg decides that this might be the best approach if he offers a swap contract to Michael. It can help T. Rowe because T. Rowe has already taken a substantial amount of long term position in the shares of Tandem and they want more 320000 shares of Tandem. Thus it is a good deal to offer Avantek shares to Michael and buy Tandem as a package deal.This deal will be helpful for Goldman because Goldman has mentioned that they are aware of a seller of Tandem. Thus if T. Rowe buys the shares then they can get some percent as they are recommending the seller.I would not have accepted the terms offered by Goldman. It is because Michael has offered $23.5/ share for Avantek and $15.25/share for Tandem. In this case, by selling 183000 shares of Avantek we will earn 18300 0*23.5 = $4300500 and by selling 320000 shares we need to pay 320000*16.25 = $5200000.   Thus in this deal, we will not be able to earn a profit. Thus I will not accept this offer.Greg didn’t make any clear mistakes in the sell order. But as he made the offer to Steve before thus it is now a risky situation for Goldman. Michael will not give as good price as he would give if the offer went first to him.The trading cost for this potential package deal would be $5200000 for buying the 320000 shares of Tandem and they will earn $4300500 by selling the 183000 shares of Avantek. Thus the cost of the trading for T. Rowe is $899500.From the case study, it can be said that Goldman Sachs had bid for 100 shares of Avantek for $24 3/8 per share and Goldman was asking $15 3/8 per share for Tandem.   But it cannot be clearly said whether it was involved in any other specific trades during that day.From the given tables it can be seen that Goldman purchased the shares of Avantek at 12: 23 pm when the share price was $24/share. But just before one minute the price was at $24.75/share and after 12:23 pm the share price was also higher than $24/share. Thus it can be said that Goldman Sachs had purchased the shares at the lowest possible price prevailing in the market. Goldman sold the shares of Tandem at 12:22 pm at $15.25/share. Although the price hiked at 12:27 pm at 15.50/share the volume was quite low. Thus it can be said that Goldman also got profit by selling the bulk shares of Tandem at $15.25/share.In this current market structure when the competition is very high then Greg might have done this deal by increasing the price per share of Avantek as the valuation of Dollar has increased from 1984 to 2014. We need to consider the environmental factors; in this current market situation, Greg should consider the future profitability of Tandem before purchasing the shares.

Honda in Europe free essay sample

The Honda Motor Company first entered the European market in the early 1960s through the sale of motorcycles. Honda’s motor vehicle sales in Europe have been relatively poor, especially in the previous five years. And Honda executives wonder why their global strategy is sputtering. History of Honda and Automobile Industry In 1946, Souichiro Honda founded the Honda Technology Institute. The Company started as a motorcycles producer and by the 1950s had become extremely successful in Japan. In 1956, Honda entered the US market and was able to position itself effectively. In the early 1960s, the company commenced automobile manufacturing and participated in Formula F-1 to assist its technology development. Until the early 1990s, the company experienced serious organizational mismanagement resulting from tension between the technology side and the marketing sales side. The automobile industry worldwide is in the mature stage of its life cycle. In the late 1990s, industry experts stated that only six or seven companies would remain global players, while other companies would be forced to sell in niche markets. Unlike their European and American counterparts, Japanese automobile companies, including Honda, did not adopt the MA strategy for expansion. To remain a global competitor, Honda instead expanded its operations by setting up plants in regional markets. Honda in Europe Currently, Honda has five regional operations : North America, South America, Japan, Asia-Oceania, and Europe. There are number of reasons for low sales in Europe. Honda entered the European market rather late, and its first production facility in the region was built in 1992, at a time when Honda was still only a minor player in the Japanese market. Prior to 1992, Honda Europe was forced to imports its vehicles from the United States, making its impossible for the company to aggressively attack the European market. The important reason for the lack of success was the European market was highly saturated locally owned car manufactures such as Saab, Volvo, BMW, Audi, VW, DM, Opel, and other foreign company such as Toyota, Nissan, Fordm also make the European market extremely competitive. Honda European Marketing Products, Honda’s European manufacturing plant is located in the UK, and as a result, the country has more Honda models than any country in Europe with a total of of 20. Price, The prices of Honda’s vehicles in Europe are comparable to similar cars produced by local manufacturers. Distribution, the image of Honda’s vehicles and motorcycles in Europe is aligned together. Consequently Honda vehicles throughout Europe are distributed at the same locations that their motorcycles are. Recently, due to the depreciating Euro vis-a-vis the US dollar, cars manufactured in the UK have also been exported to the US. Promotion. The promotion of Honda’s motor vehicles is essentially the same throughout Europe, whether in France, Germany, Italy or the UK. The company spends very little time and money in promotion, however. In the recent 2002 launch of the Jazz (known as the Fit in Japan), the company relied heavily on word of mouth and on a website created especially for the occasion. A sense of fun was also attached to the website, in an attempt to draw in the young woman. Once inside the Jazz website, the user could easily find the nearest dealership to purchase the vehicle. European Sales Honda’s most successful year was in 1998, however since then sales have been decreasing dramatically. Honda’s motor vehicles have been relatively unpopular in the majority of Europe, in particular Italy and France. European Culture The relative poor showing of Honda vehicles in Europe may be explained by a number of reasons. The main problem was that the company failed to truly understand the culture of Europe and more importantly it treated Europe as one giant single market. Though France, Germany, the UK and Italy are all European, cultural differences abound between them. One theory that explains the differences between the four nations is that of high-context versus low-context cultures. In a high-context culture, the interpretation of messages depends on contextual cues like gender, age, balance of power, etc. and not on physical written text. In a high context culture there are things that are not said but are understood. Countries considered to be high-context cultures include China, Japan, Italy, France, Spain and the Latin American countries. Cultural Context Successful advertising in low context cultures differs from that in high context cultures. An advertisement for a high-context culture is based on an implicit style where the emphasis is on the overall feel and outlook rather than the feeding of pure information. In this type of advertisement, the actual product may not even be shown. The audience may be only given implied images and sublime messages. Honda’s Jazz website contained a large amount of information which would have been too much for high-context cultures such as the French and the Italians. In addition, high context cultures have been much slower than their low context counterparts when it comes to adopting the Internet. France is a high-context culture where style and image is of the utmost importance. The perceived quality of a product means that the French have a bias towards the style and image of a product. The image of Japanese cars in France is relatively poor, dating back to the 1930s when Japanese manufacturers entered the European market with low quality products. Italy, like France, is a high-context culture where a great deal of emphasis is placed on feeling and style. The Italian culture is reflected in their daily lifestyle, which gives a sense of romance to the people living there. As in France, the Italians view Japanese cars as small low quality vehicles, suitable only as a second family car. The most popular automobile in Italy, especially for families, is the Fiat. The dominance of the Fiat is due to the Italians, like their high-context cousins the French, being very patriotic. Germany. Of the four main European countries that Honda is sold in, Germany has had the second highest sales volume.